What Comes after Moral Injury?—Considerations of Post-Traumatic Growth

Abstract

Moral injury is a psychological wound resulting from deep-rooted traumatic experiences that corrode an individual’s sense of humanity, ethical compass, and internal value system. Whether through witnessing a tragic event, inflicting injury on others, or failing to prevent a traumatic injury upon others, moral injury can have severe and detrimental psychological and psychosomatic outcomes that may last a lifetime. Post-traumatic experiences do not have to be a permanent affliction, however. From moral injury can come post-traumatic growth—the recovery from trauma in which personal betterment overshadows moral injury. Moral injury may lead to substantial personal growth, improved capacity and resilience. Based on these observations, it seems that from struggles and darkness, there can be positivity and hope. This review will summarize the current concepts of post-traumatic growth and consider potential mechanisms leading to resilience and recovery through post-traumatic growth. These considerations are gaining more importance in light of a growing number of existential threats, such as violent conflicts, natural disasters and global pandemics.

Keywords

• distress
• resilience
• PTSD
• major depressive disorder
• adverse pregnancy outcomes
• preterm birth