PLoS ONE (Jan 2023)

Determinants of mortality among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 during first and second waves of the pandemic: A retrospective cohort study from an isolation center in Kano, Nigeria.

  • Farouq Muhammad Dayyab,
  • Hussain Abdullahi Bashir,
  • Abdulwahab Kabir Sulaiman,
  • Garba Iliyasu,
  • Muhammad Hamza,
  • Ahmad Maifada Yakasai,
  • Ibrahim Nashabaru,
  • Hadiza Saidu,
  • Bashir Garba Ahmad,
  • Bashir Dabo,
  • Aminu Yusuf Abubakar,
  • Ibrahim Musa Idris,
  • Abdulrauf Sani Yahaya,
  • Mustapha Ado,
  • Ibrahim Sabo Abdurrahman,
  • Hafizu Musa Usman,
  • Mohammed Kabiru Bello,
  • Jaafar Suleiman Jaafar,
  • Anifowose Abdullahi,
  • Abubakar Muhammad Alhassan,
  • Abdulmalik Ahmad,
  • Alika Ehima Allen,
  • Medu Oghenekevwe Ezekiel,
  • Muhammad Abdullahi Umar,
  • Muhammad B Abdullahi,
  • Sahabi Kabir Sulaiman,
  • Tijjani Hussaini,
  • Amina Abdullahi Umar,
  • Aminu Ibrahim Tsanyawa,
  • Sabitu Y Shuaibu,
  • Nasir Alhassan Kabo,
  • Basheer Lawan Muhammad,
  • Mohammed Nura Yahaya,
  • Imam Wada Bello,
  • Ashiru Rajab,
  • Abdulhakim Muhammad Daiyab,
  • Aminu Faruk Kabara,
  • Muhammad Sule Garko,
  • Abdulrazaq Garba Habib

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281455
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 18, no. 2
p. e0281455

Abstract

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BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The aim of this study is to identify the clinical predictors of mortality among patients with COVID-19 pneumonia during first and second waves in a treatment center in northwestern Nigeria.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of 195 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 between April 2020 to March 2021 at a designated COVID-19 isolation center in Kano State, Northwest Nigeria. Data were summarized using frequencies and percentages. Unadjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals and p-values were obtained. To determine independent determinants of mortality, we performed a stepwise multivariate logistic regression model.ResultsOf 195 patients studied, 21(10.77%) patients died. Males comprised 158 (81.03%) of the study population. In the adjusted stepwise logistic regression analysis, age>64 years (OR = 9.476, 95% CI: 2.181-41.165), second wave of the pandemic (OR = 49.340, 95% CI:6.222-391.247), cardiac complications (OR = 24.984, 95% CI: 3.618-172.508), hypertension (OR = 5.831, 95% CI:1.413-24.065) and lowest systolic blood pressure while on admission greater than or equal to 90mmHg were independent predictors of mortality (OR = 0.111, 95%CI: 0.021-0.581).ConclusionStrategies targeted to prioritize needed care to patients with identified factors that predict mortality might improve patient outcome.