The Implication of Mechanistic Approaches and the Role of the Microbiome in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Review
Anirban Goutam Mukherjee,
Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari,
Sandra Kannampuzha,
Reshma Murali,
Arunraj Namachivayam,
Raja Ganesan,
Abhijit Dey,
Achsha Babu,
Kaviyarasi Renu,
Balachandar Vellingiri,
Gnanasambandan Ramanathan,
George Priya Doss C.,
Nehal Elsherbiny,
Amira M. Elsherbini,
Alsamman M. Alsamman,
Hatem Zayed,
Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
Affiliations
Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari
Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
Sandra Kannampuzha
Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
Reshma Murali
Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
Arunraj Namachivayam
Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
Raja Ganesan
Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
Abhijit Dey
Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, India
Achsha Babu
Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
Kaviyarasi Renu
Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
Balachandar Vellingiri
Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine/Translational Research, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab (CUPB), Bathinda 151401, India
Gnanasambandan Ramanathan
Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
George Priya Doss C.
Department of Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
Nehal Elsherbiny
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
Amira M. Elsherbini
Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
Alsamman M. Alsamman
Department of Genome Mapping, Molecular Genetics and Genome Mapping Laboratory, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute, Giza 12619, Egypt
Hatem Zayed
Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
As a complex endocrine and metabolic condition, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) affects women’s reproductive health. These common symptoms include hirsutism, hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, irregular menstruation, and infertility. No one knows what causes it or how to stop it yet. Alterations in gut microbiota composition and disruptions in secondary bile acid production appear to play a causative role in developing PCOS. PCOS pathophysiology and phenotypes are tightly related to both enteric and vaginal bacteria. Patients with PCOS exhibit changed microbiome compositions and decreased microbial diversity. Intestinal microorganisms also alter PCOS patient phenotypes by upregulating or downregulating hormone release, gut-brain mediators, and metabolite synthesis. The human body’s gut microbiota, also known as the “second genome,” can interact with the environment to improve metabolic and immunological function. Inflammation is connected to PCOS and may be caused by dysbiosis in the gut microbiome. This review sheds light on the recently discovered connections between gut microbiota and insulin resistance (IR) and the potential mechanisms of PCOS. This study also describes metabolomic studies to obtain a clear view of PCOS and ways to tackle it.
