CARBONATES OF ORE DEPOSITS OF PRECAMBRIAN OF THE CENTRAL PART OF THE UKRAINIAN SHIELD

Abstract

The article presents the results of study of the isotopic composition of oxygen and carbon of carbonates in ore deposits of the Early Pre-cambrian of the Ukrainian Shield. The following objects were studied: 1. Iron ore formations of the Kryvyi Rih ultra-deep well, where car-bonates were extracted from all units of the Kryvyi Rih Paleoproterozoic series, as well as from the Archean rocks of the Dnipropetrovsk complex. 2. Uranium ores and host rocks of the Severynivsky deposit of the uranium-albite formation of the Paleoproterozoic age. 3. Gold deposits of Archean greenstone structures of the Dnieper, including: Sergiivske (Au-pyrite and Au-Bi-Te ores) and Balka Shyroka (Au-glandular and Au-Ag-Pb-Zn ores). Genetically, the carbonates of the compared areas show signs of primary sedimentary carbonate for-mations that have experienced the influence of hydrothermal-metasomatic processes. The temperature conditions of their formation indicate a change in the mode of carbonate formation from progressive in the temperature range of 70-150°C (diaphthoresis) - 220-300°C (meta-somatosis) to regressive: up to 180-80°C (late veins). Compared to Archean carbonates, Proterozoic carbonates are inherently heavier oxygen and light carbon. The scarnoid mechanism of the formation of the ore halo in a highly magnesian environment explains the se-quence and metasomatic nature of carbonation. The environment and conditions of mineral formation are favourable for the growth of large metacrystals of dolomite, calcite, actinolite and tremolite; as confirmed by the study of fluid inclusions. The presence of ore minerals in inclusions in calcite confirms the ore-forming nature of the studied fluid. Among the granitoids of the Dnipropetrovsk complex, sites similar to the graphite-carbonate rocks of the Gdantsev Formation are noted, including the isotopic composition, which are characterized by intense tectonic disturbances. In such zones of decompression, a significant drop in temperature is observed. All this suggests that there is a system of large faults (tectonic wedges) in this region of Kryvbass, with the immersion of fragments composed of rocks of the Kryvyi Rih series into more ancient granitoids.

Keywords

• archean
• paleoproterozoic
• deposits of uranium and gold
• carbonates
• isotopic composition
• ukrainian shield