International Islamic University Malaysia Engineering Journal (Jun 2018)

PRODUCTION AND STABILITY OF MYCO-FLOCCULANTS FROM LENTINUS SQUARROSULUS RWF5 AND SIMPLICILLIUM OBCLAVATUM RWF6 FOR REDUCTION OF WATER TURBIDITY

  • Nessa X Jebun,
  • Abdullah Al Mamun,
  • Md. Zahangir Alam,
  • Raha Ahmad Raus

DOI
https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v19i1.843
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 19, no. 1

Abstract

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The production and stability of two novel myco-flocculants produced by river water fungus (RWF) were investigated. Screening tests were conducted to find suitable nutrients, pH, nutrient concentration, inoculum dose, and stability for two myco-flocculants L. squarrosulus (RWF5) and S. obclavatum (RWF6). The strains showed good flocculating activity in reducing turbidity of kaolin suspension while malt extract was used as nutrient source. Supernatants of RWF5 and RWF6 were able to reduce turbidity from 900±10 NTU to 46 NTU (95%) and 195 NTU (78%), respectively. In order to enhance the production, optimization of cultivation conditions were studied using a one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) method. L. squarrosulus (RWF5) reduced 96% of turbidity at optimum conditions, comprising of 0.1% (w/v) malt extract, 3% (v/v) inoculum dose, and initial pH 7.0 for 6 days. The results of the compatible mixed culture showed good flocculation activity at 88% compared to a single culture of S. obclavatum at 78%. On the other hand, L. squarrosulus showed better turbidity reduction in the single culture rather than the mixed culture. The stability of L. squarrosulus and S. obclavatum supernatants showed excellent turbidity reduction over a wide pH range of 4-8 with the maximal flocculation rate of 96% and 90%, respectively, at pH 7.0. They also exhibited high turbidity removal ability in a temperature range of 4 oC – 55 oC for 24h with a maximum turbidity removal rate of 96% (RW5) and 87% (RW6) at 25 oC. Time stability of the L. squarrosulus supernatant showed good turbidity removal potential at above 90% at room temperature (28± 2 oC) and 85% at low temperature (4 oC) for 12 days. The high flocculating rate of the myco-flocculants and their good stability under wide range of temperature indicated their potentiality as biodegradable flocculants for water and wastewater treatment industry. ABSTRAK: Keberhasilan dan kestabilan dua myco-gumpalan baharu oleh kulat air sungai (RWF) telah dikaji. Ujian penapisan telah dijalankan untuk mencari nutrien sesuai, pH, kepekatan nutrien, dos inokulum dan kestabilan dua myco-gumpalan L. squarrosulus (RWF5) dan S. obclavatum (RWF6). Rantaian menunjukkan aktiviti gumpalan yang baik dalam mengurangkan kekeruhan air sungai dengan penggantungan koalin di mana ekstrak malt telah digunakan sebagai sumber nutrien. Larutan supernatan RWF5 dan RWF6, masing-masing mampu mengurangkan kekeruhan dari 900±10 NTU kepada 46 NTU (95%) dan 195 NTU (78%). Bagi meningkatkan pengeluaran, keadaan optimum bagi menggalakkan hasil telah diselidiki menggunakan kaedah Satu Faktor pada Tiap Masa (OFAT). Pada takat optimum, L. squarrosulus (RWF5) mengurangkan 96% kekeruhan, ianya terdiri daripada ekstrak malt 0.1% (w/v), dos inokulum 3% (v/v) dan pH awal 7.0 selama 6 hari. Keputusan kultur campuran yang sesuai menunjukkan aktiviti penggumpalan yang baik pada 88% berbanding kultur sendirian S. obclavatum pada 78%. Pada waktu sama, L. squarrosulus menunjukkan pengurangan kekeruhan yang lebih baik dalam kultur sendirian berbanding kultur campuran. Kestabilan larutan supernatan L. squarrosulus dan S. obclavatum menunjukkan pengurangan kekeruhan yang sangat baik pada pH yang luas iaitu 4-8 dengan kadar maksimum kekeruhan pada 96% dan 90%, pada pH 7.0 masing-masing. Keduanya menunjukkan kebolehan penyingkiran kekeruhan yang tinggi pada skala suhu 4 oC – 55 oC selama 24 jam dengan kadar nyah kekeruhan maksimum pada 96% (RW5) dan 87% (RW6) pada suhu 25 oC. Kestabilan masa larutan supernatan L. Squarrosulus menunjukkan potensi penyingkiran kekeruhan terbaik atas 90% pada suhu bilik (28± 2 oC) dan 85% pada suhu rendah (4 oC) selama 12 hari. Kadar gumpalan yang tinggi oleh myro-gumpalan dan kestabilan yang baik pada julat suhu yang luas menunjukkan potensinya sebagai agen biodegradasi gumpalan kepada air dan industri rawatan loji air.