International Journal of General Medicine (Aug 2023)

Factors Affecting Hospitalization Length and in-Hospital Death Due to COVID-19 Infection in Saudi Arabia: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis

  • Al Omair OA,
  • Essa A,
  • Elzorkany K,
  • Shehab-Eldeen S,
  • Alarfaj HM,
  • Alarfaj SM,
  • Alabdulqader F,
  • Aldoughan A,
  • Agha M,
  • Ali SI,
  • Darwish E

Journal volume & issue
Vol. Volume 16
pp. 3267 – 3280

Abstract

Read online

Omar A Al Omair,1 Abdallah Essa,2,3 Khaled Elzorkany,4,5 Somaia Shehab-Eldeen,2,3 Hamzah M Alarfaj,6 Sumaia M Alarfaj,7 Fatimah Alabdulqader,7 Alghaydaa Aldoughan,7 Mohammed Agha,8 Sayed I Ali,9 Ehab Darwish3,10 1Internal Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 2Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom, Egypt; 3Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases Unit, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 4Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom, Egypt; 5Nephrology Unit, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 6King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 7Medical Student at the College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 8Chest Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom, Egypt; 9Family Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 10Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EgyptCorrespondence: Somaia Shehab-Eldeen, Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom, 32511, Egypt, Tel +201117251523, Email [email protected]: The emerging COVID-19 coronavirus disease has widely spread, causing a serious worldwide pandemic. Disease severity and mortality risk can be predicted using an analysis of COVID-19 clinical characteristics. Finding out what influences patients’ hospitalization length and in-hospital mortality is crucial for decision-making and planning for emergencies. The goal of this study is to identify the factors that influence hospital stay length and in-hospital death due to COVID-19 infection.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from August to October 2020 and included 630 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. Using odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), a multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess the variables that are linked to longer hospital stays and in-hospital deaths.Results: Most patients were male (64.3%), and most were older than 40 years (81.4%). The mean length of hospital stay (LoHS) was 10.4± 11.6 days. The overall death rate among these COVID-19 cases was 14.3%. Non-survivors were older, had more comorbidities, had prolonged LoHS with increased ICU admission rates and mechanical ventilation usage, and had a more severe condition than survivors. ICU admission, low serum albumin, and elevated LDH levels were associated with longer LoHS, while ICU admission, DM, and respiratory diseases as comorbidities, total leukocytic count, and serum albumin were predictors of mortality.Conclusion: Longer LoHS due to COVID-19 infection was linked to ICU admission, low serum albumin, and elevated LDH levels, while the independent predictors of in-hospital death were ICU admission, DM, and respiratory diseases as comorbidities, total leukocytic count, and serum albumin.Keywords: COVID-19, Saudi Arabia, hospital stay, Al-Ahsa

Keywords