BMC Oral Health (Jan 2025)

Enhancing elemental release and antibacterial properties of resin-based dental sealants with calcium phosphate, bioactive glass, and polylysine

  • Phatpicha Lertwisitphon,
  • Yotsavee Worapasphaiboon,
  • Nichapa Champakanan,
  • Arnit Toneluck,
  • Parichart Naruphontjirakul,
  • Anne M. Young,
  • Rattapha Chinli,
  • Phoom Chairatana,
  • Supanan Sucharit,
  • Piyaphong Panpisut

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-05489-2
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 25, no. 1
pp. 1 – 13

Abstract

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Abstract Background This study aimed to develop ion-releasing and antibacterial resin-based dental sealants comprising 3 to 6 wt% monocalcium phosphate monohydrate (MCPM, M), 3 to 6 wt% bioactive glass (BAG, B), and 3 to 6 wt% polylysine (PLS, P). The physical properties, mechanical performance, cytotoxicity, and inhibition of S. mutans biofilm by these materials were subsequently evaluated. Methods Five experimental dental sealants were formulated as follows: F1 (M6B6P6), F2 (M6B6P3), F3 (M3B3P6), F4 (M3B3P3), and F5 (M0B0P0, serving as the control). ClinproXT (CP, 3 M, Saint Paul, MN, USA) was used for commercial comparison. The degree of monomer conversion (DC) was determined using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (n = 5). The biaxial flexural strength (n = 6) and Vickers surface microhardness (n = 5) of the materials were evaluated after a 24-hour immersion in water. The element release over 4 weeks was measured using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) (n = 3). The cell viability of mouse fibrosarcoma cells exposed to the extract was assessed via an MTT assay (n = 3). Additionally, the inhibition of S. mutans biofilm was tested (n = 3). Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA and the Tukey HSD test. Results The lowest DC among experimental sealants was obtained from F1 (66 ± 4%), which was significantly higher than CP (54 ± 2%, p 90% after exposure to extracts from the experimental materials was detected, which was similar to that observed with CP. Additionally, the experimental materials exhibited higher Ca and P release compared to CP and showed a potential trend for reducing S. mutans biofilm formation. Increasing additive concentrations exhibited minimal effects on material properties, except for enhanced elemental release and a slight reduction in BFM with higher PLS content. Conclusion The experimental sealants provided sufficient physical and mechanical strength and maintained cell viability and bacterial inhibition with higher elemental release than the commercial product.

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