مسکن و محیط روستا (Oct 2023)
Introducing a new model of evolutionary rural housing design based on the principles of indigenous architecture in the Oramanat region
Abstract
The indigenous architecture of Iranian villages is a symbol of human evolution in interaction with nature, aiming to meet its needs and has always been manifested in its most beautiful form, created by anonymous people and architects. All this beauty, functionality, is now being destroyed with industrialization and the spread of urban life. Buildings that are disconnected from nature and the rural way of life have replaced the beautiful and peaceful homes that symbolized real life. The greed of humans today and disregard for past construction patterns have resulted in formless and inconsistent buildings that not only lack the coherence of past architectural ideas but also disrupt the intrinsic harmony (which has been the result of years of human experience in creating a sustainable relationship with climate and culture) and lead to their decline. Therefore, it is crucial and important, firstly, to document existing patterns, and then to design new patterns and modernize past ones. In this study, Hooraman architecture is examined as a text based on physical and climatic orderliness. Then, using qualitative research method and logical argumentation strategy, the architectural and construction patterns in the Oramanat region of Kurdistan were analyzed through the online weather analysis website 'World Weather Online' and documented using the software 'Depth Map'. This research aims to present the prominent architectural features (in terms of layout and plan) for the Oramanat region, which conform to the biological approach and contemporary needs in terms of optimal construction patterns. The achievement of this research is to provide comparative typologies of construction and layout, demonstrating that the tripartite geography typology of the Oramanat region (plain, mountainous, plain-mountainous) aligns with the east-west and north-south orientations (based on the shape of the land and prevailing temperature conditions in accordance with the climate), and addresses various aspects of biological needs in spatial organization.
