Reactive hyperplastic lesions of the oral cavity: A retrospective survey study and literature review

Abstract

Context: The reactive lesions are relatively common in the oral cavity because of the frequency with which the tissues are injured. They often result from a known stimulus or injury such as dental plaque, calculus, or foreign material. Aims: The aim of this study was to review the clinicopathologic features of reactive hyperplastic lesions (RHLs) of the oral cavity at MIDSR, Dental College and Hospital, Latur, Maharashtra, and to compare these data with those of previously reported studies. Settings and Design: The patient case files from the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology from June 2010 to May 2016 were reviewed for cases of RHLs of the oral cavity. Subjects and Methods: Both clinical and histopathological diagnosis of reactive lesions was selected for the study. Data including the type of the lesion, age, gender, and the site involved were collected. Statistical Analysis Used: Descriptive statistics was applied to the data and differences in frequencies among groups were evaluated using SPSS (IBM Corporation) software. Results: A total of 155 histologically diagnosed cases of RHLs were obtained with a prevalence of 11.7%. The data consist of 56 (36.1%) males and 99 (63.9%) females. The most common lesion clinically was traumatic fibroma (36.5%) and histologically fibrous hyperplasia (37.4%). The reactive lesions clinically presented as either sessile (51%) or pedunculated (49%) lesions. Conclusions: The clinical features of reactive hyperplasia among our patients were similar to those reported previously with divergence in some analyzed data. The novelty in our study was the correlation between histopathology and clinical features which were not reported in literature till date.

Keywords

• Peripheral giant cell granuloma
• peripheral ossifying fibroma
• pyogenic granuloma
• reactive hyperplasic lesions
• traumatic fibroma