Stress-Induced Evolution of the Nucleolus: The Role of Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer (rIGS) Transcripts
Anastasia A. Gavrilova,
Margarita V. Neklesova,
Yuliya A. Zagryadskaya,
Irina M. Kuznetsova,
Konstantin K. Turoverov,
Alexander V. Fonin
Affiliations
Anastasia A. Gavrilova
Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
Margarita V. Neklesova
Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
Yuliya A. Zagryadskaya
Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Moscow 123592, Russia
Irina M. Kuznetsova
Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
Konstantin K. Turoverov
Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
Alexander V. Fonin
Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
It became clear more than 20 years ago that the nucleolus not only performs the most important biological function of assembling ribonucleic particles but is also a key controller of many cellular processes, participating in cellular adaptation to stress. The nucleolus’s multifunctionality is due to the peculiarities of its biogenesis. The nucleolus is a multilayered biomolecular condensate formed by liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS). In this review, we focus on changes occurring in the nucleolus during cellular stress, molecular features of the nucleolar response to abnormal and stressful conditions, and the role of long non-coding RNAs transcribed from the intergenic spacer region of ribosomal DNA (IGS rDNA).
