Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Clemens Neudorfer
Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States; MGH Neurosurgery & Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (CNTR) at MGH Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
Christopher Güttler
Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Philipp Spindler
Department of Neurosurgery, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Peter Vajkoczy
Department of Neurosurgery, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Andrea Kühn
Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States; MGH Neurosurgery & Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (CNTR) at MGH Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrode implant trajectories are stereotactically defined using preoperative neuroimaging. To validate the correct trajectory, microelectrode recordings (MERs) or local field potential recordings can be used to extend neuroanatomical information (defined by MRI) with neurophysiological activity patterns recorded from micro- and macroelectrodes probing the surgical target site. Currently, these two sources of information (imaging vs. electrophysiology) are analyzed separately, while means to fuse both data streams have not been introduced. Methods: Here, we present a tool that integrates resources from stereotactic planning, neuroimaging, MER, and high-resolution atlas data to create a real-time visualization of the implant trajectory. We validate the tool based on a retrospective cohort of DBS patients (N = 52) offline and present single-use cases of the real-time platform. Results: We establish an open-source software tool for multimodal data visualization and analysis during DBS surgery. We show a general correspondence between features derived from neuroimaging and electrophysiological recordings and present examples that demonstrate the functionality of the tool. Conclusions: This novel software platform for multimodal data visualization and analysis bears translational potential to improve accuracy of DBS surgery. The toolbox is made openly available and is extendable to integrate with additional software packages. Funding: Deutsche Forschungsgesellschaft (410169619, 424778381), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DynaSti), National Institutes of Health (2R01 MH113929), and Foundation for OCD Research (FFOR).
