Epidemiology and prognosis of pediatric acute myocarditis: a 5-year retrospective study in Shiraz, South of Iran running title: pediatric acute myocarditis in Iran

Abstract

Abstract Background Early diagnosis, appropriate management, and vigilant follow-up can lead to the recovery and improved quality of life in many pediatric myocarditis cases. Due to the rarity of this condition, a comprehensive understanding of its epidemiology and outcomes is essential. Aim This study aims to provide a thorough epidemiological analysis of pediatric clinically suspected myocarditis and introduce a potential prognostic tool for identifying high-risk patients. Method A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on patients admitted to Namazi Hospital with clinically suspected myocarditis. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, imaging data, and vasoactive inotrope scores were collected from the beginning of hospitalization and throughout the patients’ stay. Critical hospital events such as cardioversion, intensive care unit (ICU) care, and mechanical ventilation were documented. Results A total of 117 children, including 103 (88%) males, were included in the final evaluation. Patients who required intubation had significantly higher inotrope scores (p-value < 0.0001). Moreover, statistically significant differences were observed in the outcomes of patients presenting with hepatomegaly and decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (P = 0.022). Conclusion The identification of hepatomegaly and reduced ejection fraction as potential prognostic indicators represents a significant contribution to the field. These findings may assist clinicians in recognizing high-risk patients who require more aggressive treatment and closer monitoring. Patients with elevated inotrope scores are more likely to necessitate mechanical ventilation and cardioversion.

Keywords

• Myocarditis
• Outcomes
• Pediatrics
• Child
• Vasoactive Inotrope score