Management of talar lesions with cement augmentation and autologous bone graft

Abstract

Background Treatment of bone lesions involved with the articular cartilage at the talus is challenging. We report the management of talus lesions, particularly tumors and avascular necrosis (AVN), at the articular surface through treatment with cement augmentation and autologous bone graft. Methods Eight benign bone tumors and three cases of AVN were reviewed retrospectively at a mean follow-up of 56 months (range, 12–162). The mean age of all patients was 36.1 years old (range, 15–73) when assessed between February 2005 and November 2021. Curettage of tumorous and necrotic lesions resulted in significant bone defects filled with bone cement augmentation. Cartilage defects of the talar dome were supported with autologous cancellous bone graft. Tolerable weight-bearing ambulation was permitted immediately after surgery. Radiological and functional evaluations were recorded. Results We observed an increase in the average The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Score (AOFAS) ( p = .003) and a decrease in the average Visual Analogue Scale pain score ( p = .003). There was no statistically significant decrease in ROM before or after surgery ( p = .114). Additionally, no talus collapse of the ankle joint occurred. Talar dome status did not aggravate before or after surgery, except for one patient. Despite no radiographic osteoarthritis exacerbation before or after surgery in six patients, five patients had osteoarthritic change. Conclusion Cement implantation and autologous bone graft performed simultaneously for benign bone tumors with joint cartilage damage and AVN are technically simple, have good outcomes, and may be a suitable alternative to standard treatments.