Estimation of the Various Urinary Biomarkers among the Non-Hypertensive Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Nephropathy

Abstract

Introduction: Alteration in the various markers is seen in diabetic nephropathy (DN). In the current research, four different markers were evaluated and were examined for their diagnostic value in the nephropathic type 2 diabetes patients. Methods: A prospective clinical trial was piloted with diabetic male subjects with nephropathy. The subjects were followed up for 9 months. Thirty subjects were recruited as type 2 diabetes mellitus patients without nephropathy as controls. The interventional groups were grouped again as microalbuminuria, normoalbuminuria, and hyperfiltration. All of them underwent testing for urinary biomarkers like urine protein, ACR, HbA1C, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Correlation and logistic regression were used to compare all diagnostic tests across various groupings. Results: The greatest area under curve (AUC) values were .90 and .91 for AGT and AGT/Cr, respectively. The AUC, specificity, sensitivity, and cut-off value of AGT/Cr were, respectively, .91, 85%, 91%, and 4.36 mg/g. When using urine as the cut-off, the sensitivity was 42 and 100 for ACR and eGFR both. All other biomarkers had lower values than the AGT. Less than. 50 was evident for NGAL/Cr and NAGL. Conclusions: To identify DN, before the initiation of the albuminuria, compared to other diagnostic markers, urinary AGT demonstrated a greater diagnostic value. Further research is suggested to corroborate the findings.

Keywords

• albuminuria
• angiotensinogen
• biomarkers
• diabetic
• nephropathy