Phytol-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles as a Novel Anticandidal Nanobiotechnological Approach
Tábata L. C. Lima,
Luanda B. F. C. Souza,
Lannya C. S. Tavares-Pessoa,
Alaine M. dos Santos-Silva,
Rômulo S. Cavalcante,
Raimundo F. de Araújo-Júnior,
Alianda M. Cornélio,
Matheus F. Fernandes-Pedrosa,
Guilherme Maranhão Chaves,
Arnóbio Antônio da Silva-Júnior
Affiliations
Tábata L. C. Lima
Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Gal. Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, Natal-RN 59072-570, Brazil
Luanda B. F. C. Souza
Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Gal, Gustavo Cordeiro de Faria, S/N, Petrópolis, Natal-RN 59084-100, Brazil
Lannya C. S. Tavares-Pessoa
Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Gal. Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, Natal-RN 59072-570, Brazil
Alaine M. dos Santos-Silva
Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Gal. Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, Natal-RN 59072-570, Brazil
Rômulo S. Cavalcante
Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal-RN 59.078-970, Brazil
Raimundo F. de Araújo-Júnior
Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal-RN 59.078-970, Brazil
Alianda M. Cornélio
Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal-RN 59.078-970, Brazil
Matheus F. Fernandes-Pedrosa
Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Gal. Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, Natal-RN 59072-570, Brazil
Guilherme Maranhão Chaves
Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Gal, Gustavo Cordeiro de Faria, S/N, Petrópolis, Natal-RN 59084-100, Brazil
Arnóbio Antônio da Silva-Júnior
Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Gal. Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, Natal-RN 59072-570, Brazil
Phytol is a diterpene alcohol and can be found as a product of the metabolism of chlorophyll in plants. This compound has been explored as a potential antimicrobial agent, but it is insoluble in water. In this study, we describe a novel approach for an interesting anticandidal drug delivery system containing phytol. Different formulations of phytol-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) were designed and tested using a natural lipid, 1,3-distearyl-2-oleyl-glycerol (TG1). Different compositions were considered to obtain three formulations with 1:10, 1:5, and 1:3 w/w phytol/TG1 ratios. All the formulations were prepared by emulsification solvent evaporation method and had their physicochemical properties assessed. The biocompatibility assay was performed in the HEK-293 cell line and the antifungal efficacy was demonstrated in different strains of Candida ssp., including different clinical isolates. Spherical and uniform SLN (65% were achieved. Phytol-loaded SLN showed a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect in the HEK-293 cell line. The three tested formulations of phytol-loaded SLN considerably enhanced the minimal inhibitory concentration of phytol against 15 strains of Candida spp. Considering the clinical isolates, the formulations containing the highest phytol/TG1 ratios showed MICs at 100%. Thus, the feasibility and potential of phytol-loaded SLN was demonstrated in vitro, being a promising nanocarrier for phytol delivery from an anticandidal approach.
