Viruses (Jun 2022)
Development and Validation of Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays for Detecting Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in Cattle, Swine, and Chicken
- Abhinay Gontu,
- Erika A. Marlin,
- Santhamani Ramasamy,
- Sabarinath Neerukonda,
- Gayatri Anil,
- Jasmine Morgan,
- Meysoon Quraishi,
- Chen Chen,
- Veda Sheersh Boorla,
- Ruth H. Nissly,
- Padmaja Jakka,
- Shubhada K. Chothe,
- Abirami Ravichandran,
- Nishitha Kodali,
- Saranya Amirthalingam,
- Lindsey LaBella,
- Kathleen Kelly,
- Pazhanivel Natesan,
- Allen M. Minns,
- Randall M. Rossi,
- Jacob R. Werner,
- Ernest Hovingh,
- Scott E. Lindner,
- Deepanker Tewari,
- Vivek Kapur,
- Kurt J. Vandegrift,
- Costas D. Maranas,
- Meera Surendran Nair,
- Suresh V. Kuchipudi
Affiliations
- Abhinay Gontu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Erika A. Marlin
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Santhamani Ramasamy
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Sabarinath Neerukonda
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
- Gayatri Anil
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Jasmine Morgan
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Meysoon Quraishi
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Chen Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Veda Sheersh Boorla
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Ruth H. Nissly
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Padmaja Jakka
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Shubhada K. Chothe
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Abirami Ravichandran
- Department of Integrative and Biomedical Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Nishitha Kodali
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Saranya Amirthalingam
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Lindsey LaBella
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Kathleen Kelly
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Pazhanivel Natesan
- Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai 600007, India
- Allen M. Minns
- Huck Institute of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Randall M. Rossi
- Huck Institute of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Jacob R. Werner
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Ernest Hovingh
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Scott E. Lindner
- Huck Institute of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Deepanker Tewari
- Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Pennsylvania Veterinary Laboratory, Harrisburg, PA 17110, USA
- Vivek Kapur
- Huck Institute of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Kurt J. Vandegrift
- Huck Institute of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Costas D. Maranas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Meera Surendran Nair
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Suresh V. Kuchipudi
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3390/v14071358
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 14,
no. 7
p. 1358
Abstract
Multiple domestic and wild animal species are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cattle and swine are susceptible to experimental SARS-CoV-2 infection. The unchecked transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in animal hosts could lead to virus adaptation and the emergence of novel variants. In addition, the spillover and subsequent adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 in livestock could significantly impact food security as well as animal and public health. Therefore, it is essential to monitor livestock species for SARS-CoV-2 spillover. We developed and optimized species-specific indirect ELISAs (iELISAs) to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in cattle, swine, and chickens using the spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) antigen. Serum samples collected prior to the COVID-19 pandemic were used to determine the cut-off threshold. RBD hyperimmunized sera from cattle (n = 3), swine (n = 6), and chicken (n = 3) were used as the positive controls. The iELISAs were evaluated compared to a live virus neutralization test using cattle (n = 150), swine (n = 150), and chicken (n = 150) serum samples collected during the COVID-19 pandemic. The iELISAs for cattle, swine, and chicken were found to have 100% sensitivity and specificity. These tools facilitate the surveillance that is necessary to quickly identify spillovers into the three most important agricultural species worldwide.
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