Rising Incidence of Hyperuricemia in Patients with Urolithiasis

Abstract

Background: Uric acid nephrolithiasis is the leading cause of kidney stones in developed countries, and it usually indicates a systemic biochemical/metabolic imbalance; however, hyperuricemia is frequently employed as an accompanying feature of gout and is associated with urolithiasis. Objective: To determine the rising incidence of hyperuricemia in patients with urolithiasis at Liaquat National Hospital Karachi. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted from January to July, 2024 at the Department of Urology, Liaquat National Postgraduate Medical Centre Karachi, Pakistan. The patients 18-65 years of age and either gender diagnosed with urolithiasis were recruited and explored for serum uric acid levels. Predesigned proforma was used for data collection while frequency (percentage) and mean ± SD were calculated for qualitative and quantitative variables. Results: 320 individuals with urolithiasis were studied, and hyperuricemia was detected in 197 (61.5%) patients. The statistical significance was observed for hyperuricemia by age (p=0.03), gender (p<0.001), diabetes mellitus (p<0.001), smoking (p<0.001), obesity (p<0.001), hypertension (p<0.001), family history urolithiasis (p=0.04) and anatomical location of the stone (p=0.04). The frequency and proportions observed were male as 59.7%, female at 40.3%, urban and rural as 48.8% and 51.2%, smoking 53.1%, hypertension 50.9%, diabetes mellitus 55.6%, obesity 56.6%, family history of hyperuricemia and urolithiasis as 51.2%, and 60.6% and anatomical location of stone as right 50.9% and left 49.1%. Conclusion: The hyperuricemia has been observed in patients with urolithiasis.

Keywords

• urolithiasis
• kidney stone
• renal stone
• uric acid
• calculi
• and hyperuricemia.