Сибирский лесной журнал (Dec 2019)
Structural and ecological features of broadleaf forests of the subtaiga subzone in the northwest of Tatarstan
Abstract
The article is devoted to the formation of modern phytocoenoses of broadleaf and smallleavedbroadleaved forests in the subtaiga subzone of the European Russia on the site of the previously existing coniferous and coniferousbroadleaf forests. The article shows the results of detailed geobotanical and silvicultural studies of deciduous forests of different rock composition, which were carried out on trial plots in the Precamsky regions of Tatarstan. In particular, species richness and specific saturation of communities, quantitative participation of species of different tiers, stands’ species composition, stock of individual breeds and peculiarities of their renewal are analyzed. An assessment of the conditions for the growth of forest phytocoenoses was carried out on the basis of the ratio of the species of different ecologicalcoenotic groups. Presently the vegetation of the studied area is represented by longterm and settledsecondary plant communities of limebirch, birchlinden and lindenoak forests, which have arisen as a result of economic activity, as well as due to climate changes. In communities with a predominance of lime over a period of more than 60 years, there was a decrease in oak stocks, as well as an increase in the share of meadow species of plants (up to 25 %). Nevertheless, broadleaf forests of the hemiboreal strip in the northwest of Tatarstan retain a complex of ecologicalcoenotic features, which are caused by zonal and historical conditions. At the same time, the distribution of coniferous and deciduous forests occurs in the subtaiga subzone. The obtained data can serve as a basis for monitoring the transformation of forest vegetation in the zone of taiga contact, broadleaved forests and foreststeppes.
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