Occurrence of Bacteria and Yeast in Urinary Tract of HIV/AIDS Patients Attending Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Clinic at University of Jos Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

Abstract

Urinary tract infection is one of the infections observed among HIV patients and the cause of morbidity and hospitalisation in HIV positive individuals. The study aimed at determining the prevalence of Urinary tract pathogenic bacteria and yeast among HIV-infected individuals attending Anti-retroviral therapy (ART) clinic in Jos,Nigeria. Mid-stream urine samples collected from 240 HIV seropositive patients were cultured, isolates identified and antibiotic susceptibility profile determined using agar disk diffusion technique (Kirby-Baeur). Out of the 240 samples screened, 39(16.25%) had urinary tract infections (UTIs) and 33(16.20%) had yeast infection. The distribution of the isolates were as follows: Escherichia coli 12(30.77%), Staphylococcus aureus 10(25.64%), Klebsiella pneumonia 4(10.26%), Enterobacter sp. 4(10.26%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus 3(7.69%), Citrobacter freundii 2(5.13%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2(5.13%) and Proteus mirabilis 1(2.567%).Among the yeasts, Candida albicans showed the highest prevalence with 21(63.64%) while non-albican Candida sp had 12(36.36%). Age group 20-24 years with 1(33.3%) cases had the highest prevalence while bacterial infection was not detected among <19, 55-59 and ≥60 years. Females had a higher prevalence of 36(17.60%) compared to the males 3(8.33%).The antibiotic susceptibility patterns showed that gentamicin (10µg), augmentin (20µg), chloramphenicol (30µg), ciprofloxacin (5µg) and ofloxacin (5µg) were more active. The study revealed that uropathogenic bacteria and yeast were prevalent among HIV/AIDS patients. Routine screening of uropathogens should be incorporated in the management and care of HIV/AIDS patients in Nigeria.

Keywords

• Uropathogenic bacteria
• Yeast cells
• HIV/AIDS
• Antibiotic susceptibility test