Izvestiâ Vysših Učebnyh Zavedenij i Ènergetičeskih ob Edinennij SNG. Ènergetika (Apr 2021)
Аnalysis Catalytic Hydrogen Recombiner Capacity Calculation Taking into Account Conditions Inside Sealed Enclosure of Containment Safety System of Nuclear Power Plants with Water-Water Energetic Reactor
Abstract
Localizing safety systems are provided to contain radioactive substances in an accident and attenuate ionizing radiation at a modern nuclear power plant. Together with radioactive substances, hydrogen is also retained, which is formed during the decomposition of the primary coolant. The accumulation of hydrogen in the presence of oxygen from the atmosphere in the accident localization zone carries the danger of the formation of flammable and explosive concentrations of these components. Nuclear power plant (NPP) deigns with water-water energetic reactor (WWER) provides for a hydrogen removal system including passive catalytic hydrogen recombiners. The device capacity is confirmed experimentally under reference conditions (lean air-hydrogen mixture, pressure and temperature close to normal, no interference with gas exchange). Capacity is an important safety parameter. In the event of an accident, conditions inside the ealed enclosure of the localizing system of NPP with WWER can differ from the reference ones and affect the capacity. On the basis of calculations, the operation of recombiners with lack of oxygen and with hindered gas exchange has been investigated in the paper. The decrease in capacity with lack of oxygen reaches 50 %, which is mainly caused by an increase in underburning. Compared to the reference conditions, the effect is more pronounced in the event of an accident – 60–70 %. The hindered gas exchange is modeled by a decrease in the height of recombiner traction channel. This case can be reduced to the placement of the device in cramped conditions and the effect of the atmosphere speed inside the enclosure. Regardless of the hydrogen concentration, the operating characteristic of the device remains linear, with a two-fold decrease in height leads to a decrease in capacity by 20 %. The results can be used to substantiate the safety of NPPs with WWER and to review on the safety subtantiation of power units.
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