Mn<sup>x+</sup> Substitution to Improve Na<sub>3</sub>V<sub>2</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>F<sub>3</sub>-Based Electrodes for Sodium-Ion Battery Cathode
Renyuan Su,
Weikai Zhu,
Kang Liang,
Peng Wei,
Jianbin Li,
Wenjun Liu,
Yurong Ren
Affiliations
Renyuan Su
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology for the New Energy Vehicle Power Battery, Changzhou Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Advanced Technology for Power Battery, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
Weikai Zhu
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology for the New Energy Vehicle Power Battery, Changzhou Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Advanced Technology for Power Battery, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
Kang Liang
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology for the New Energy Vehicle Power Battery, Changzhou Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Advanced Technology for Power Battery, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
Peng Wei
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology for the New Energy Vehicle Power Battery, Changzhou Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Advanced Technology for Power Battery, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
Jianbin Li
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology for the New Energy Vehicle Power Battery, Changzhou Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Advanced Technology for Power Battery, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
Wenjun Liu
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology for the New Energy Vehicle Power Battery, Changzhou Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Advanced Technology for Power Battery, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
Yurong Ren
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology for the New Energy Vehicle Power Battery, Changzhou Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Advanced Technology for Power Battery, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
Na3V2(PO4)2F3 (NVPF) is an extremely promising sodium storage cathode material for sodium-ion batteries because of its stable structure, wide electrochemical window, and excellent electrochemical properties. Nevertheless, the low ionic and electronic conductivity resulting from the insulated PO43− structure limits its further development. In this work, the different valence states of Mnx+ ions (x = 2, 3, 4) doped NVPF were synthesized by the hydrothermal method. A series of tests and characterizations reveals that the doping of Mn ions (Mn2+, Mn3+, Mn4+) changes the crystal structure and also affects the residual carbon content, which further influences the electrochemical properties of NVPF-based materials. The sodiation/desodiation mechanism was also investigated. Among them, the as-prepared NVPF doped with Mn2+ delivers a high reversible discharge capacity (116.2 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C), and the capacity retention of 67.7% after 400 cycles at 1 C was obtained. Such excellent performance and facile modified methods will provide new design ideas for the development of secondary batteries.
