Numerical analysis of radiative hybrid nanomaterials flow across a permeable curved surface with inertial and Joule heating characteristics

Abstract

The water-based Cu and CoFe2O4 hybrid nano liquid flow across a permeable curved sheet under the consequences of inertial and Lorentz forces has been reported in this analysis. The Joule heating and Darcy Forchheimer effects on fluid flow have been also examined. In the presence of copper (Cu) and cobalt iron oxide (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles, the hybrid nano liquid is synthesized. Radiation and heat source features are additionally incorporated to perform thermodynamics analysis in detail. The second law of thermodynamics is employed in order to estimate the overall generation of entropy. The nonlinear system of PDEs (partial differential equations) is transformed into a dimensionally-free set of ODEs (ordinary differential equations) by employing a similarity framework. The Mathematica built in package ND Solve method is applied to compute the resulting set of nonlinear differential equations numerically. Along with the velocity, and temperature profiles, skin friction and Nusselt number are also computed. Figures and tables illustrate the effects of flow factors on important profiles. Evidently, the outcomes reveal that hybrid nanofluid (Cu + CoFe2O4+H2O) is more progressive than nanofluid (Cu + H2O) and base fluid (H2O) in thermal phenomena. Furthermore, the velocity profile is improved with the greater values of curvature parameter, while the inverse trend is observed against the magnetic parameters. Also, the velocity and energy distribution of hybrid nano-liquid flow boosts with the inclusion of Cu and CoFe2O4 nanoparticles into the base fluid. Velocity distribution diminishes with the increment of volume friction. For high values of inertial factor, skin friction improve while velocity and Nusselt number declines.

Keywords

• Darcy forchheimer law
• Thermal radiation
• Curved porous medium
• Joule heating
• Hybrid nanofluid