Infection and Drug Resistance (Sep 2023)
In vitro Antimicrobial Activity and Dose Optimization of Eravacycline and Other Tetracycline Derivatives Against Levofloxacin-Non-Susceptible and/or Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole-Resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Abstract
Jie Wu,1,2 Guangcun Zhang,3 Qiang Zhao,3 Lifeng Wang,3 Jiyong Yang,3 Junchang Cui1 1Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Eighth Medical Center, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Medical School of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 3Laboratory Medicine Department, The First Medical Center, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Junchang Cui, The Eighth Medical Center, Department of Respiratory Diseases, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, No. 17 Heishanhu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 010 6677 5010, Email [email protected]: To better guide clinical use, we determined the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the new drug eravacycline and other tetracycline derivatives against levofloxacin (LVFX)-non-susceptible and/or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ)-resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and evaluated their dosing regimens.Methods: Seventy-seven unique strains of S. maltophilia were isolated from sputa samples and airway aspirate samples that were either LVFX-non-susceptible and/or TMP-SMZ-resistant. Monte Carlo simulations were performed for different dosing regimens according to the population pharmacokinetic parameters of antibiotics in patients with respiratory tract infections at the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).Results: Eravacycline had excellent in vitro antibacterial activity against LVFX-non-susceptible and/or TMP-SMZ-resistant S. maltophilia. Monte Carlo simulations showed that for LVFX-non-susceptible strains, the cumulative fraction of response (CFR) of minocycline at the conventional recommended dose of 100 mg q12 h was 90.90%; for TMP-SMZ-resistant strains, the CFR of minocycline at a high dose of 200 mg q12 h was only 91.64%. For strains resistant to both LVFX and TMP-SMZ, the CFR of minocycline at a high dose of 200 mg q12 h was 89.81%. In contrast, the CFR of tigecycline was less than 40%, even at a dose of 100 mg q12 h.Conclusion: For pneumonia, minocycline is better for S. maltophilia that is non-susceptible to LVFX; for TMP-SMZ-resistant strains and strains that are not susceptible to either LVFX or TMP-SMZ, the efficiency of eravacycline requires further evaluation. Eravacycline may be a better choice for extremely resistant S. maltophilia strains that are non-susceptible to LVFX, TMP-SMZ, and minocycline.Keywords: eravacycline, tetracyclines, levofloxacin, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole drug combination, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Monte Carlo method
