Kinetic Limits of Graphite Anode for Fast-Charging Lithium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

Highlights The microstructure of graphite upon rapid Li+ intercalation is a mixture of differently staging structures in the macroscopic and microscopic scales due to the incomplete and inhomogeneous intercalation reactions hindered by the sluggish reaction kinetics. The Li+ interface diffusion dominates the reaction kinetics at high rates in thin graphite electrode, while Li+ diffusion through the electrode cannot to be neglected for thick graphite electrode.

Keywords

• Fast-charging
• Graphite anode
• Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM)
• High-rate kinetics