Sex differences in early and term placenta are conserved in adult tissues

Abstract

Highlights Sex differences in gene expression in late first trimester placentas are positively correlated with sex differences in gene expression in full-term placentas; sex differences develop early and are maintained. Sex differences in gene expression on the sex chromosomes in the placenta are correlated to sex differences in adult tissues. Sex-linked gametolog genes require additional methodological approaches for accurate quantification.

Keywords

• Sex differences
• Gene expression
• RNAseq
• Pregnancy
• Life course
• Development