Гуманитарные и юридические исследования (Sep 2021)
PREPOSITION IN THE SOCIO-CULTURAL SPACE OF LANGUAGE
Abstract
This article discusses the theoretical and practical sig-niicance of the comparative study of prepositions in their discursive realizations, the reasons for their interlingual semantic differences against the background of universality of cognitive processes and the unity of the denotative situation, the principles of the semantic determination of prepositions are deined. It is noted that the studies of recent years prove that the prepositions are subject to the general laws of cognitive categorization of the world, adopted in a particular language, and carry a considerable semantic and socio-cultural burden in the text. It is emphasized that in the study of prepositions it is obligatory to take into account the special nature of their linguistic status: prepositions are not an independent discursive unit. They cannot have a denotative function out of context. Indeed, the relational nature of meaning allows them to realize their semantic potential only in a grammatically deterministic combination with a verb (valency) or a noun (case values), i.e. in mi-crodiscourse. However, as part of the case groups, their semantics becomes obvious. It is enough to pay attention to the fact that these are the prepositions that can identify and distinguish the information content of a phrase and, therefore, fulill the task of forming and semantic content of discursive messages. There are many examples in different languages. For instance, Russian prepositions in the terms "advertising in a tram" / "advertising on a tram" allow you to localize the advertising message in different ways: inside the cabin or on the outer surface of the car. Some universal parameters, suficient for the classiication of prepositional language systems on their basis, are highlighted. A comparative analysis of contexts against the background of similar features of the analyzed prepositional systems of different languages allowed us to detect both interlanguage analogies and differences. It was concluded that, against the background of universal principles of understanding extra-linguistic reality, a comparative analysis of prepositions helps to recreate the relevant fragments of the national language picture of the world. Noticeable differences in prepositional systems of different languages and in the spatial mentality of different peoples are illustrated.
