Encephalomyelitis associated with coronavirus disease 2019: a case report

Abstract

Abstract Background Despite a considerable number of articles regarding neurological manifestations associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, reports on transverse myelitis and encephalitis are scarce. Case presentation We report a 35-year-old Asian Arab female presenting with longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis within 3 weeks after being diagnosed with mild coronavirus disease 2019 infection. Administration of high-dose methylprednisolone led to significant clinical improvement. However, 2 days after discharge, the patient was readmitted with encephalitis manifestations, consisting of fever and loss of consciousness, along with deterioration in myelitis symptoms. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibody was detected in cerebrospinal fluid, but DNA of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was not found. Clinical recovery was achieved after the administration of intravenous immunoglobulin. Conclusion Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis can be a neurological manifestation of coronavirus disease 2019 and can be followed by encephalomyelitis episodes. High-dose steroids and intravenous immunoglobulin as an immunomodulator are possible effective treatment options.

Keywords

• COVID-19
• Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis
• Encephalomyelitis
• Case report