Наукові праці Лісівничої академії наук України (Oct 2018)
The influence of plantation-type forests on the water-based and physical prop-erties of forest soil in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine
Abstract
There is a close interaction between stands of different species composition and soil, which can be influenced by changing the composition of the stand. The is-sue is particularly relevant in terms of the temporary introduction of a plantation forest for a relatively short period of time on the site of low-productive tree stands. Therefore, the study of changes in the system of plantation forest → soil → regener-ated primary stand is an extremely important factor in ensuring high productivity and biotic stability of forest phytocoenoses. The soils in the study stands are classified according to the particle-size com-position as light loamy with a high degree of aeration. No definite relationship is found between the soil mechanical composition and the stands with participation of certain species. It was possible to establish some differences in the particle size distribution of the soil in broadleaved-larch stands only by the content of sand and silt. The content of the silt fraction in the upper horizons is the highest in the soil under spruce stands (14.2-15.8%). High volume of stemwood in moist hornbeam-beech oak forest (405 and 525 m3 / ha) in 40-year-old plantations of Larix eurolepis were noted at a soil density of 1.07-1.26 g / cm3, and porosity - 48.1-59.4 %, field capacity 24.2-26.1% and degree of aeration 41.6-54.3% in the He and I horizons. For Larix kaempferi stands with stemwood stock of 578 and 582 m3 / ha, these figures are, respectively, 1.16-1.39 g / cm3, 45.3-54.1%, 23.2-25.7% and 36.9-42.8%. For 40-year-old stands of Larix kaempferi in the moist hornbeam oak forest conditions, these indicators are determined for three soil horizons (H, He, I) and con-stitute, respectively, 1.46-1.68 g / cm3, 40.1-58.6% , 14.0-30.3% and 25.7-59.9%. The presented values of water-physical characteristics provide a high stock of stemwood (447 and 476 m3 / ha) of larch stands. Under the moist hornbeam oak forest conditions, the 41-year-old stand of Picea abies accumulates the same high stock of stemwood (476 m3 / ha) with similar values of water-physical characteristics: 1.47-1.66 g / cm3, 42.1-59.7 %, 20.1-28.5% and 20.9-29.8%. The density of dark grey forest soil under stands with Japanese larch (1.46-1.68 g / cm3) and Norway spruce (1.47-1.66 g / cm3) is quite similar and is favorable for the formation of highly productive stands. Under oak stand, this indicator is slightly lower (1.39-1.49 g / cm3) than under spruce and larch. The degree of soil aeration largely depends on the composition of stands, and high values are observed in mixed broadleaved-larch stands (25.7-29.9%). In spruce plantations, the degree of aeration in the upper horizons (29.8-33.7%) is slightly dif-ferent from the degree of aeration of the soil in other stands. Spruce does not impair the porosity of dark grey light loamy soils. Under plantations with the participation of both larch (46.2-59.4%) and spruce (50.2-59.7%), the soil porosity is quite high. Negative impact on the water-physical properties of the soils of pure spruce and larch plantations has not been found. This gives grounds to recommend the study tree species for use in forest plantations on dark grey soils under conditions of moist fertile site types of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.
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