Lifestyle diseases and cardiovascular risk factors are interrelated to deficiencies of major substrates in ATP synthesis

Abstract

Jørn Ditzel, Hans-Henrik LervangDepartment of Endocrinology, Center for Prevention of Struma and Metabolic Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aarhus University, Aalborg, DenmarkAbstract: Recent studies on diabetes and metabolic syndrome indicate a common disturbance of inorganic phosphate (Pi) metabolism. Pi is an important substrate in the formation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and many lifestyle diseases and cardiovascular risk factors similarly show deficiencies in either 1 or 2 major components of ATP synthesis. Age, male gender, hypertension, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus are all associated with hypophosphatemia. In addition, tobacco smoking, hyperchylomicronemia, hypertension, and diabetes may involve defects in tissue oxygen delivery. Hypophosphatemia may lead to a critical decrease in intracellular Pi and to mitochondrial dysfunction, which might be counteracted by the pharmacological use of fructose 1,6-diphosphate.Keywords: hypophosphatemia, hypoxia, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, hypertension