First Results on the Presence of Mycotoxins in the Liver of Pregnant Fallow Deer (<i>Dama dama</i>) Hinds and Fetuses
István Lakatos,
Bianka Babarczi,
Zsófia Molnár,
Arnold Tóth,
Gabriella Skoda,
Győző F. Horváth,
Adrienn Horváth,
Dániel Tóth,
Farkas Sükösd,
László Szemethy,
Zsuzsanna Szőke
Affiliations
István Lakatos
Department of Regional Game Management, Ministry of Agriculture, 1052 Budapest, Hungary
Bianka Babarczi
Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Animal Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
Zsófia Molnár
Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Animal Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
Arnold Tóth
Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Animal Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
Gabriella Skoda
Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Animal Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
Győző F. Horváth
Institute of Biology, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
Adrienn Horváth
Institute of Biology, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
Dániel Tóth
Institute of Biology, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
Farkas Sükösd
Institute of Pathology, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
László Szemethy
Institute of Biology, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
Zsuzsanna Szőke
Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Animal Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
Reproductive abnormalities have been observed in fallow deer populations in Hungary. We supposed mycotoxin contamination to be one of the possible causes because multi-mycotoxin contamination is known to be dangerous even at low toxin levels, especially for young animals. We investigated the spatial pattern of mycotoxin occurrences and the relationship between maternal and fetal mycotoxin levels. A total of 72 fallow deer embryos and their mothers were sampled in seven forested regions in Hungary in the 2020/2021 hunting season. We analyzed Aflatoxin (AF), Zearalenone (ZEA), Fumonizin B1 (FB1), DON, and T2-toxin concentrations in maternal and fetal livers by ELISA. AF was present in 70% and 82%, ZEA in 41% and 96%, DON in 90% and 98%, T2-toxin in 96% and 85%, and FB1 in 84% and 3% of hind and fetus livers, respectively. All mycotoxins passed into the fetus, but only Fumonizin B1 rarely passed. The individual variability of mycotoxin levels was extremely high, but the spatial differences were moderate. We could not prove a relation between the maternal and fetal mycotoxin concentrations, but we found an accumulation of ZEA and DON in the fetuses. These results reflect the possible threats of mycotoxins to the population dynamics and reproduction of wild fallow deer.
