Zaporožskij Medicinskij Žurnal (Jun 2020)
Obstetric and antenatal risk factors for intrauterine growth restriction
Abstract
The purpose of the work – to assess the characteristics of obstetric and antenatal history, the course of pregnancy and the state of newborns to determine the risk factors for intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Materials and methods. The retrospective analysis included 63 women who gave birth to children diagnosed with IUGR (main group) and 63 women who gave birth to children with normal anthropometric indices (control group). The data of family, obstetric and antenatal anamnesis were analyzed. The features of the pregnancy course and childbirth, the newborn state were determined. Results. Among the identified obstetric risk factors, preeclampsia (31.75 %), anemia (36.50 %), and pregnancy-related acute respiratory viral infection or acute respiratory infection (33.33 %) are predominant. In women of the main group, the first pregnancy was more likely to occur in 35 (55.5 %, P < 0.05) and the first birth in 42 (66.7 %; P < 0.05) with the pregnancy term of 37 weeks (22.22 %) at the time of delivery and performing caesarean section (38.1 %). Important antenatal risk factors for IUGR were diagnosed with ultrasound IUGR or low weight (49.2 %), placental dysfunction with blood flow disorders (42.86 %) or without (28.57 %), malnutrition (28.57 %) and hypoplasia of the placenta (12.7 %). Among newborn babies, intrauterine reduction of weight and height indicators by the Ballard scale (88.88 %), reduced body weight between 1500 and2500 g, and also complications of the health state from the nervous, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as congenital malformations of the fetus, were observed. Conclusions. The data obtained have shown that intrauterine growth restriction may be indicative of a complex relationship between pathogenic changes, triggered by obstetric and antenatal risk factors, which generate synergies for pregnancy course and further child development when combined, promoting their health status violations attributed to the nervous, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as the formation of fetal malformations.
Keywords
