Metabolites Potentially Derived from Gut Microbiota Associated with Podocyte, Proximal Tubule, and Renal and Cerebrovascular Endothelial Damage in Early Diabetic Kidney Disease in T2DM Patients
Lavinia Balint,
Carmen Socaciu,
Andreea Iulia Socaciu,
Adrian Vlad,
Florica Gadalean,
Flaviu Bob,
Oana Milas,
Octavian Marius Cretu,
Anca Suteanu-Simulescu,
Mihaela Glavan,
Silvia Ienciu,
Maria Mogos,
Dragos Catalin Jianu,
Sorin Ursoniu,
Victor Dumitrascu,
Daliborca Vlad,
Roxana Popescu,
Ligia Petrica
Affiliations
Lavinia Balint
Department of Internal Medicine II—Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
Carmen Socaciu
Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
Andreea Iulia Socaciu
Department of Occupational Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Haţieganu”, Victor Babes 8, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Adrian Vlad
Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
Florica Gadalean
Department of Internal Medicine II—Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
Flaviu Bob
Department of Internal Medicine II—Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
Oana Milas
Department of Internal Medicine II—Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
Octavian Marius Cretu
Department of Surgery I—Division of Surgical Semiology I, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, Emergency Clinical Municipal Hospital Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
Anca Suteanu-Simulescu
Department of Internal Medicine II—Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
Mihaela Glavan
Department of Internal Medicine II—Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
Silvia Ienciu
Department of Internal Medicine II—Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
Maria Mogos
Department of Internal Medicine II—Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
Dragos Catalin Jianu
Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
Sorin Ursoniu
Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
Victor Dumitrascu
Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
Daliborca Vlad
Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
Roxana Popescu
Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
Ligia Petrica
Department of Internal Medicine II—Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
Complications due to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) such as diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) have a powerful impact on mortality and morbidity. Our current diagnostic markers have become outdated as T2DM-related complications continue to develop. The aim of the investigation was to point out the relationship between previously selected metabolites which are potentially derived from gut microbiota and indicators of endothelial, proximal tubule (PT), and podocyte dysfunction, and neurosonological indices. The study participants were 20 healthy controls and 90 T2DM patients divided into three stages: normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria, and macroalbuminuria. Serum and urine metabolites were determined by untargeted and targeted metabolomic techniques. The markers of endothelial, PT and podocyte dysfunction were assessed by ELISA technique, and the neurosonological indices were provided by an ultrasound device with high resolution (MYLAB 8-ESAOTE Italy). The descriptive statistical analysis was followed by univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses. In conclusion, in serum, arginine (sArg), butenoylcarnitine (sBCA), and indoxyl sulfate (sIS) expressed a biomarker potential in terms of renal endothelial dysfunction and carotid atherosclerosis, whereas sorbitol (sSorb) may be a potential biomarker of blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. In urine, BCA and IS were associated with markers of podocyte damage, whereas PCS correlated with markers of PT dysfunction.
