Characterization of the Secretome from Spheroids of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (SASCs) and Its Potential for Tissue Regeneration
Valentina Urrata,
Francesca Toia,
Emanuele Cammarata,
Mara Franza,
Luigi Montesano,
Adriana Cordova,
Anna Barbara Di Stefano
Affiliations
Valentina Urrata
BIOPLAST-Laboratory of Biology and Regenerative Medicine-PLASTic Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Section, Department Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
Francesca Toia
BIOPLAST-Laboratory of Biology and Regenerative Medicine-PLASTic Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Section, Department Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
Emanuele Cammarata
BIOPLAST-Laboratory of Biology and Regenerative Medicine-PLASTic Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Section, Department Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
Mara Franza
BIOPLAST-Laboratory of Biology and Regenerative Medicine-PLASTic Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Section, Department Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
Luigi Montesano
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
Adriana Cordova
BIOPLAST-Laboratory of Biology and Regenerative Medicine-PLASTic Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Section, Department Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
Anna Barbara Di Stefano
BIOPLAST-Laboratory of Biology and Regenerative Medicine-PLASTic Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Section, Department Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
Introduction: Spheroids are spherical aggregates of cells that mimic the three-dimensional (3D) architecture of tissues more closely than traditional two dimensional (2D) cultures. Spheroids of adipose stem cells (SASCs) show special features such as high multilineage differentiation potential and immunomodulatory activity. These properties have been attributed to their secreted factors, such as cytokines and growth factors. Moreover, a key role is played by the extracellular vesicles (EVs), which lead a heterogeneous cargo of proteins, mRNAs, and small RNAs that interfere with the pathways of the recipient cells. Purpose: The aim of this work was to characterize the composition of the secretome and exosome from SASCs and evaluate their regenerative potential. Materials and Methods: SASCs were extracted from adipose samples of healthy individuals after signing informed consent. The exosomes were isolated and characterized by Dinamic Light Scattering (DLS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Western blotting analyses. The expression of mRNAs and miRNAs were evaluated through real-time PCR. Lastly, a wound-healing assay was performed to investigate their regenerative potential on different cell cultures. Results: The SASCs’ exosomes showed an up-regulation of NANOG and SOX2 mRNAs, typical of stemness maintenance, as well as miR126 and miR146a, related to angiogenic and osteogenic processes. Moreover, the exosomes showed a regenerative effect. Conclusions: The SASCs’ secretome carried paracrine signals involved in stemness maintenance, pro-angiogenic and pro-osteogenic differentiation, immune system regulation, and regeneration.
