Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of 1,4‐Naphthoquinone Derivatives as Potential Antibacterial Agents
Dr. Palanisamy Ravichandiran,
Prof. Maciej Masłyk,
Dr. Sunirmal Sheet,
Dr. Monika Janeczko,
Dr. Dhanraj Premnath,
Prof. Ae Rhan Kim,
Prof. Byung‐Hyun Park,
Prof. Myung‐Kwan Han,
Prof. Dong Jin Yoo
Affiliations
Dr. Palanisamy Ravichandiran
Department of Life Science, Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering of Graduate School, and Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center Chonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-do 54896 Republic of Korea
Prof. Maciej Masłyk
Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin ul. Konstantynów 1i 20-708 Lublin Poland
Dr. Sunirmal Sheet
Department of Forest Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu Jeonju-si 561-756, Jeollabuk-do Republic of Korea
Dr. Monika Janeczko
Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin ul. Konstantynów 1i 20-708 Lublin Poland
Dr. Dhanraj Premnath
Department of Biotechnology Karunya Institute of Technology and Science School of Agriculture and Biosciences, Karunya Nagar Coimbatore 641114, Tamil Nadu India
Prof. Ae Rhan Kim
R&D Center for CANUTECH, Business Incubation Center, Department of Bioenvironmental Chemistry Chonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-do 54896 Republic of Korea.
Prof. Byung‐Hyun Park
Department of Biochemistry Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeollabuk-do 54896 Republic of Korea
Prof. Myung‐Kwan Han
Department of Microbiology Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeollabuk-do 54896 Republic of Korea
Prof. Dong Jin Yoo
Department of Life Science, Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering of Graduate School, and Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center Chonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-do 54896 Republic of Korea
Abstract 1,4‐Naphthoquinones are an important class of compounds present in a number of natural products. In this study, a new series of 1,4‐naphthoquinone derivatives were synthesized. All the synthesized compounds were tested for in vitro antimicrobial activity. In this present investigation, two Gram‐positive and five Gram‐negative bacterial strains and one pathogenic yeast strain were used to determine the antibacterial activity. Naphthoquinones tested for its antibacterial potencies, among seven of them displayed better antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus; 30–70 μg/mL). Some of the tested compounds showed moderate to low antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Salmonella bongori (S. bongori; 70–150 μg/mL). In addition, most active compounds against S. aureus were evaluated for toxicity to human blood cells using a hemolysis assay. For better understanding, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, time‐kill kinetic study, and apoptosis, necrosis responses were investigated for three representative compounds.
