Development and validation of the Nurse’s Workplace Mental Health Questionnaire

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to develop and validate the Nurse’s Workplace Mental Health Questionnaire (NWMHQ). Methods: The questionnaire was developed based on the two continua model of mental illness and health proposed by Keyes. The initial questionnaire was generated through literature review, two rounds of Delphi expert consultation, followed by a pilot survey. Finally, the reliability and validity of the questionnaire were validated through an online survey of 2,815 registered nurses selected from the public hospitals in 11 provinces from June to July 2020. Results: The item-content validity index (I-CVI) of the questionnaire ranged from 0.750 to 1.000 and the average scale-level content validity index (S-CVI/Ave) was 0.906. Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.948 and test-retest reliability was 0.850. The self-rating depression scale score was negatively related to the NWMHQ score (r = −0.664, P < 0.01). The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) yielded six factors (emotional status, psychological security, positive relationship, resilience, self-efficacy, and subjective well-being), consisting of 32 items. The cumulative variance contribution rate was 65.58%. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed an acceptable fit. Conclusion: The NWMHQ developed in this study showed good reliability and validity. This questionnaire may help assess the mental health status of nurses and help nursing managers to develop appropriate targeted psychological interventions.

Keywords

• Mental health
• Nurses
• Questionnaire
• Reliability
• Validity
• Workplace