Metabolic syndrome: risk factors, diagnosis, pathogenesis, and management with natural approaches

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a bunch of metabolic defects comprising hypertension, insulin resistance, visceral obesity, fatty liver, and atherogenic cardiovascular diseases. Lifestyle modification is the first step for controlling the MetS progression. If left untreated, MetS is significantly related to a high danger of evolving type 2 diabetes and atherogenic cardiovascular diseases. Thus, MetS is a prominent cause of morbidity and mortality internationally and has been become very important to investigate novel therapies in this context to decrease the heavy burden of the disease. Though, there is no single treatment for MetS and the currently available pharmacotherapy and related comorbidities demand the continued use of multiple drugs that is challenging for patients as the polypharmacy and reduced accordance. There is increasing concern in the use of nutraceuticals in the management of MetS. This review follows MetS with an emphasis on the risk factors and how to control it, epidemiology, pathogenesis, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatments. Moreover, the review recaps on the health benefits of natural products in the management of the MetS to give a complete guide to other researchers for new natural products investigation.

Keywords

• Metabolic syndrome
• Type 2 diabetes
• Inflammation, complications
• Cardiovascular diseases
• Nutraceuticals