Heliyon (May 2024)
Comprehensive assessment for hygrothermal comfort with heat and mass fluxes through a clothing layer during cooling seasons
Abstract
A comprehensive analysis is carried out for achieving hygrothermal comfort by using bidirectional heat and mass fluxes between the human skin and its surroundings during cooling seasons, considering the main characteristics of climate, metabolic rate, and clothing fabrics. As hygrothermal comfort is mainly seen as one-direction heat and mass flux from the close surroundings to the human body, without the emitted heat and mass by the human skin, the purpose of the analysis is to find out proper features of the respective clothing fabric according to the inlet boundary conditions, i.e. heat and mass flux from the human body, and the outlet boundary features, i.e. heat and mass flux due to the climate conditions. Thereby, a novel mathematical modelling is developed for heat and mass transfer, respectively. Then, the software Wolfram Mathematica is applied for the numerical solutions of the model. After the model is validated, a sensitivity analysis is carried out. Thereby, it is found that the sensible heat removal by convection, dependent on both airflow and humidity rates, has a great influence on the hygrothermal comfort. Furthermore, solar reflectivity for shortwave radiation, along with longwave radiation from the skin, have influence on the hygrothermal comfort when both ventilation and sweating are set as minimum. Therefore, if the conditions of temperature and relative humidity are proper, both high conductivity and air permeability clothes are recommended. Nevertheless, regarding the reflectivity, it depends on the presence of shortwave radiation, sweating, ventilation, and longwave radiation to consider light-toned or dark colors.
