آداب الرافدين (Mar 1981)
Arab civilization in Andalusia and its impact on Europe
Abstract
The Arabs thought about the liberation of Spain after they expelled the Byzantines from North Africa, and Spain before the conquest had been possessed by the Romans until the fifth century AD, then the Vandals, Alans and Suef, who were among the barbaric tribes of the barbarians, swept to Spain, and the Goths soon conquered them and seized Spain in the century Sixth AD and remained its masters until the Arabs came. The Goths mixed with the Spanish-Roman population, so they took Latin as their language, and switched from Arianism to the Catholic doctrine, and the mixing of the Goths with the Latins before the Arab liberation movement was limited to the upper class, and the original inhabitants of the country were slaves, who were ready to accept any authority over them. The competition for the throne of Spain led to political and social strife, internal strife, the loss of the military spirit, and a coolness in defense between the enslaved people, and as a result of that the Gothic state separated and it was easy for Arabs to liberate Spain. As a result of cooperation between the Arabs and the Berbers after the liberation of North Africa, an army of twelve thousand soldiers entered Spain in the year 92 AH / 21AD and was conquered under the leadership of Tariq Ibn Ziyad and then the commander Musa bin Nusayr 918 / AD. The Arab commander described it in a letter to the Umayyad Caliph that it was : (Shamiya in its goodness and air is Yemeni in its temperance and equator, Indian in its fragrance and intelligence, Ahwazi in the greatness of its collections, Chinese in the minerals of its jewels, Adeniya in the benefits of its coasts).
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