Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry (Aug 2024)
Renal Protective Effect of Naringin in an LPS-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Model in Mice
Abstract
Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe consequence of sepsis, characterized by rapid onset and high mortality. Naringin has broad pharmacological effects; however, its role in AKI remains unclear. Here, we evaluated the protective effects of naringin against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced AKI in mice. Methods: This in-vivo pre-clinical experimental study was conducted at Ziauddin University, from March-October 2023. Using Simple Random sampling, 24 male BALB/c mice weighing between 25-30 grams were divided into 4 groups (n=6). Normal control group (A), received intraperitoneal (I.P.) normal saline; Disease group (B) received LPS (2mg/kg; I.P.); The naringin-treated groups (C&D) were subjected to I.P. naringin treatment at 50mg/kg and 100 mg/kg doses for 4 days followed by 2mg/kg LPS I.P. Serum creatinine and urea levels were measured using calorimetric assay and kidney histopathological changes by H&E & PAS. Using SPSS v.25, Shapiro-Wilk test was used for normality and ANOVA, and Tukey’s Post Hoc analysis was done for inter-group comparison. Results: LPS induced elevation of serum creatinine and urea, but naringin treatment significantly reduced these (p=0.000 and p=0.026). LPS also increased tubular injury scores. Naringin significantly reduced LPS-induced Tubular injury (p=0.026). Group-C showed a significant difference from normal, indicating disease development. Conversely, the 100mg/kg group not only distanced itself from the disease but also approached normal levels showing that improvement is more pronounced in the 100mg/kg. Conclusion: Naringin protects renal tubular cell morphology from LPS-induced damage. Due to this effect, it preserves the urea and creatinine clearance functions of these cells, ultimately preventing acute renal failure. Keywords: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Inflammation, Acute Kidney Injury, Sepsis.
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