Ansatz einer Lehnwörter-Klassifikation am Beispiel der deutschen Entlehnungen im Kaschubischen und Polnischen

Abstract

An approach towards loanword classification on example of German borrowings in Polish and Kashubian This article is an attempt to create the classification of German borrowings in contemporary Kashubian, taking as much language criteria as possible into account. The merger of assimilation processes across all language subsystems, description of the relationships between them and identification of the role of linguistic and non-linguistic criteria allow to establish fundamental development processes and groups of borrowings. According to the criteria of phonetic assimilation the phonetic calques and assimilated loans were distinguished, the structure of the last ones was adapted to the requirements of the Kashubian or Polish phonological system. Morphologic criteria allow to differentiated morphological calques and assimilated borrowings, furthermore hybrid formations and various contaminations. Based on the semantically criteria an open class of non adapted loans and words assimilated were described. A sort of sum of all these facts are adaptive criteria by which it can be differentiated between the completely assimilated loans, partly adapted and unassimilated borrowings. All proposed thesis are an attempt to outline the criteria of the complex problems of classification of German borrowings in Kashubian.

Keywords

• language contacts
• borrowings
• loanwords classifications
• kashubian lexicon
• language changes