Diagnostics (Oct 2024)

Influence of Hematocrit and Storage Temperature on the Stability of Dried Blood Samples in Serological Analyses of Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis

  • Mariano Rodríguez-Mateos,
  • Silvia Carlos,
  • Javier Jaso,
  • África Holguín,
  • Gabriel Reina

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14192195
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 14, no. 19
p. 2195

Abstract

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Background: Dried blood spots (DBSs) enable the study of serological markers of various pathogens without the need to obtain serum/plasma through venipuncture. Methods: Sixty-four blood samples were prepared on Whatman™ 903 cards using specimens obtained by venipuncture to study the detection of serological markers of diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis in DBSs, and their stability 4 months post-collection. An automated chemiluminescent immunoassay was used to investigate diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis IgG levels from both DBSs and plasma samples. Results: An optimal cut-off value for DBSs was calculated to improve the performance of diphtheria and tetanus serological markers in DBSs, achieving high sensitivity (95% and 98%, respectively) and specificity (91.7% and 92.3%, respectively). No protection against pertussis was found in the population studied. The correlation observed between the plasma and the DBSs processed after sample collection was high (0.967–0.970) for all antibodies studied except pertussis (0.753), both considering hematocrit before sample elution or not. The correlation between DBSs and plasma for diphtheria and tetanus remained strong following a 4-month delay in DBS processing at 4 °C (0.925–0.964) and −20 °C (0.924–0.966), with only a minor decrease observed for diphtheria at room temperature (0.889), while maintaining a strong correlation for tetanus (0.960). For pertussis, the correlation between DBSs and plasma was drastically reduced after delaying its processing for 4 months at any temperature. Conclusions: To summarize, hematocrit levels within the normal range do not affect the processing of DBSs in the study of serological markers of diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis. The DBS stability for serological diagnosis of diphtheria and tetanus is adequate when samples are stored at −20 °C for a period of 4 months. The pertussis serological marker does not appear to remain stable after 4 months, even when the DBS is stored frozen at −20 °C.

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