South African Journal of Chemical Engineering (Apr 2024)
Waste biomass derived chitosan-natural clay based bionanocomposites fabrication and their potential application on wastewater purification by continuous adsorption: A critical review
Abstract
As a result of rapid urbanization and the luxurious lifestyle of the overgrowing population of this planet, currently, consumers are tremendously dependent upon various types of industrial productions to maintain their daily life demands. Therefore the hasty fluctuating technologies of bulky industrial production create a colossal amount of wastewater every moment which is usually loaded with hazardous toxicants that could not only damage the ecology but also hamper public health safety very harshly. Thus, a sustainable eco-friendly and cost-effective technique is crucial need for the effective removal of these hazardous toxicants from real-time industrial wastewater to protect the environmental pollution. Whereas continuous mode of adsorption by fixed bed column has widely been considered as the most simple, cost-effective, ecofriendly sustainable technique. Lately, activated chitosan-modified natural clay based nanocomposites have frequently been developed due to their greater availability, easiness of fabrication, also effectiveness, efficiency and biodegradability as multifunctional bionanocomposites/adsorbents. Additionally, this specific new class of biopolymeric nanocomposites exhibits a sensational knock regarding the removal performance of toxicants from the aqueous solutions which is around∼99 %. However, this review article recapitulates noteworthy information about various potential fabrication routes and characterization techniques of the chitosan-clay based bionanocomposites. Also the removal efficiency against the immerging toxicants from the bulk scale industrial wastewater by the most significant and widely accepted method namely fixed bed continuous column adsorption. A squat overview of the chemical activation of waste biomass shell-derived chitosan and modification of natural clay, along with their interaction during compounding. The possible mechanism of elimination of contaminants including all of the chemisorption, multi/monolayer physisorption and interparticular diffusion along with mathematical modellings have presented. Future research route has also been suggested including with the technological challenges that commonly come across in the real-time industrial enactment.
