Ameliorative Effect of Active Principles from Cilantro and Spirulina Powder on Lead Antagonism to Calcium and Magnesium in Carassius gibelio Bloch

Abstract

The aim of this work was to investigate the calcium and magnesium tissue distribution in selected organs of Prussian carp specimens before and after experimental lead intoxication, with and without cilantro and spirulina powder addition in fish diet. The study involved 120 individuals with similar biometric measurements, caught from a local fish farm and equally divided in four experimental groups, as follows: C group (without treatment), E1 group (75 ppm Pb into water as Pb(NO3)2 x ½H2O), E2 group (75 ppm Pb into water+2% lyophilized cilantro in feed), E3 group (75 ppm Pb into water+2% lyophilized spirulina in feed). Tissue samples (gills, muscle myotomers–epaxial, heart, skin and scales, intestine, liver, brain, gonads, kidney) were collected at the end of a 21 days experimental period. Atomic absorption measurements of the analytes were carried out with a AAS-VARIAN model. Data analyses were performed using a SPPS IBM 22 software package. Significance of differences in the means content of calcium and magnesium in fish tissues were statistically analysed by ANOVA completed with post-hoc Tukey’s test. The calcium and magnesium tissue concentrations were significantly reduced by sublethal lead-induced poisoning (p<0.001). But, coriander and spirulina powder were able to attenuate much of the lead antagonistic effect with respect to calcium absorption and bioavailability, spirulina being more effective in the case of the gill and renal tissue, while coriander in the case of cardiac tissue. Instead, spirulina powder has improved magnesium distribution in all analyzed tissues.

Keywords

• calcium
• cilantro
• fish
• lead toxicity
• magnesium
• natural chelators
• spirulina