Phytomedicine Plus (May 2022)
Wound healing and antioxidant potential of Neolamarckia cadamba in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats
Abstract
Background: Diabetic wounds are one of the most common disorders associated with a sedentary lifestyle. Diabetes also has the additional effect of delaying the healing of wounds. Neolamarckia cadamba (Rubiaceae) is a plant that is well-known for its wide range of pharmacological properties. Methods: The efficacy of the ethanolic extract of Neolamarckia cadamba (70%) in the forms of oral (200, 400 mg/Kg/day), and topical (5% and 10% w/w/day) administration was determined on first day of wound induction (day 1) and continued until the end day of the wound induction period (day 16). The wound healing process in diabetic wounds was studied by assessing the wound contraction, serum glucose levels, biochemical and enzymatic antioxidant status in both control and treatment groups. Excision wound model histology was done to confirm activity. Result: In the ethanolic extract of Neolamarckia cadamba numerous phytocomponents were found by doing a phytochemical analysis (alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, steroids, glycosides, tannins). The total phenolic and flavonoid content was determined to be 118.53 ± 1.36 mg/g and 106.51 ± 1.26 mg/g, respectively. In this investigation, Neolamarckia cadamba caused significant wound contraction of both forms i.e., oral (28.70%, 36.80% at doses 200, 400 mg/Kg/day) and topical (23.08%, 31.21% at doses 5%, 10% w/w/day) showed treated groups compared to the diabetic control. Additionally, oral treatment of Neolamarckia cadamba extract decreased serum glucose levels in diabetic wound rats on the 4th, 8th, 12th and 16th days, as compared to the diabetic wound control group. Moreover, biochemical and enzymatic status significantly decreased hexosamine, NO, and MDA, while increasing collagen, total protein, DNA, SOD, and CAT levels in the body. Histopathological investigations also demonstrated a dose-dependent improvement in wound healing in oral and topical treated groups by re-epithelialization, collagenation, and vascularization of damaged skin samples. Conclusion: The current study's findings indicate that the Neolamarckia cadamba may have potential for use in the formulation of diabetic wound healing medicines.
