Functional identification and subcellular localization of NAD kinase in the protozoan parasite Giardia intestinalis

Abstract

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) is an essential biomolecule that participates in the redox homeostasis and synthesis of signaling compounds. NAD kinase (NADK) (EC 2.7.1.23/2.7.1.86) is the only enzyme capable of synthesizing NADP. This study offers an approach to the NADP metabolism in the parasite Giardia intestinalis, the etiological agent of giardiasis, a disease of high prevalence in America, Asia and Africa. Through bioinformatics tools a NADK enzyme candidate was identified, whose tertiary structure modeling demonstrated distinctive and universal motifs of characterized NADKs. The corresponding recombinant protein (His-GINADK) was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and its partial purification was achieved by nickel affinity chromatography. Functional identification, which showed NADP synthesis, was completed through enzymatic assays evaluated by RP-HPLC. A cytosolic localization of the endogenous GINADK enzyme was observed in trophozoites throughout indirect immunofluorescence analysis, using polyclonal antibodies produced in mice by its immunization with the His-GINADK protein, purified from inclusion bodies. Taken together, our results contribute to the understanding of the NADP metabolism and the physiological role of NADK in the Giardia model.

Keywords

• cytosolic localization
• nadp synthesis
• recombinant protein