Protein Solubility as Quality Index for Processed Soybean

Abstract

Protein quality of soybean meal (SBM) is linked to both the reduction of antinutritional factors (ANFs), and the optimization of protein digestibility. Both insufficient- and over-heating result in poor quality SBM. Inadequate heating fails to completely destroy the ANFs, which may have a detrimental impact on animal performance, while excessive heating reduces the availability of lysine via the Maillard reaction and possibly, to a lesser extent, of other amino acids. The objective of our study was to compare some biochemical laboratory procedures for assessing quality of SBM: urease index (UI), protein dispersibility index (PDI), KOH protein solubility (PS), and nitrogen solubility index (NSI). The experimental data reveal that UI is not useful to determine excessive heat treatment since additional heating has no effect on the urease index. KOH protein solubility remains high, during initial heat treatment. In marked contrast, the PDI and NSI decreased incrementally from 78% to 20% and from 97% to 60%, respectively, when heating 0 to 30 minutes. Combing the PDI test with the urease test could be useful to monitor soybean quality. SBM containing low UI (0.3 or below) and high PDI (40 to 45%) may indicate that the sample is definitely high quality because it has been adequately heat processed, but not overprocessed.

Keywords

• soybean meal
• urease index
• protein dispersibility index
• protein solubility
• nitrogen solubility index