Influence of heterosis on wаx productivity of Carpathian bees
Abstract
Effective selection and breeding work is the key to increasing productivity. Its purpose is to improve the existing ones, create new types, lines, as well as rational use of the gene pool of bees in regional systems of breeding and hybridization. In practical work, regarding the selection of honey bees, such a biological feature as heterosis is used. Breeding of inbred hybrids makes it possible, along with increasing productivity, to preserve the purity of the bee breed. Under such conditions, no negative effect of the splitting of traits was found in the descendants of the next generations. Therefore, the aim of the work was to study the influence of the heterosis mechanism in the breeding of Carpathian bees and obtain the maximum amount of wax products. The experimental part of the work was carried out over several years. The final stage of research fell on 2022. Queens were obtained in the conditions of the Carpathian zone of Transcarpathia at the apiaries of the Carpathian bee selection and reproduction department of the National Scientific Center “Institute of Beekeeping named after P.I. Prokopovich”. Histological studies and the evaluation of studies are implemented in the conditions of the Stepan Gzhytskyi National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies Lviv. The article provides data on the study of complex evaluation of combinations in the breeding of honey bees using the example of the “Vuchkiv” and “Kolochav” types. On the basis of experimental studies, an analysis of the influence of the phenomenon of heterosis on the wax productivity of their initial forms was carried out. The morphological and development features of the wax gland and sternal living body were studied and the dependence in the wax productivity of intertype hybrids of Carpathian bees was revealed. The theoretical breeding achievement is that intrabreeding of different types allows to ensure purity in the reproduction of the Carpathian breed of bees. In order to realize this goal, a technique was created that made it possible to effectively use the scientific research of famous scientists. As a result of keeping Carpathian bees in different natural climatic conditions, the phenomenon of heterosis was studied. At the same time, we investigated and analyzed the results of crossing different types of Carpathian bees. For this, the “Vuchkiv” and “Kolochav” types were taken as the starting forms. The article provides data that the mating of queens of the Vuchkov type with Kolochava drones makes it possible to obtain bees that differ in better indicators of the length of adipocytes by 16.99 % (Р < 0.01) and wax glands by 35.21 % (Р < 0.01). Research results show the advantages of intrabreeding of Carpathian bees. According to the obtained results, intertype hybrids of Carpathian bees have better indicators of wax productivity in relation to their parents. The use of such bees in the apiary makes it possible to obtain an additional 18.0–29.0 % of wax.
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