Discovery of inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 associated fungal coinfections via virtual screening, ADMET evaluation, PASS, molecular docking, dynamics and pharmacophore studies

Abstract

The black fungus is a SARS-CoV-2-associated fungal co-infection. Mechanisms by which antifungal drugs act against Mucormycosis are by inhibition of enzymes implicated in ergosterol biosynthesis or cell wall formation or the drug interaction directly with ergosterol. Since it has been shown that the reduction of ergosterol biosynthesis prevents this infection, we carried out a virtual screening with molecular docking analysis and tested a dataset of 880 molecules for its effects on an enzyme involved in ergosterol biosynthesis (CYP51) and fungal infection (lipase), as well as ADMET and toxicity properties of the studied molecules. We calculated the stability of the complex’s inhibitor-enzyme throughout the time using molecular dynamics simulations. From this, initial screening indicated that 600 out of a total of 880 compounds have a good affinity towards sterol 14α-demethylase. The two compounds ZINC95486139 and ZINC33833639 were determined as safe and have good drug-likeness properties, and have binding energies of −75.07 and −83.89 kcal/mol, respectively by MMGBSA and create strong and stable interactions with the residues of the active site of the enzyme. To the best of our knowledge, ZINC95486139 and ZINC33833639 have not yet been described in the literature as anti-sterol 14α-demethylase inhibitors or evaluated for their anti-fungal activity.

Keywords

• ADMET
• black fungus
• COVID-19
• docking
• dynamics
• pharmacophore