Maternal factor effect on the infants with cleft lip and cleft palate: A case–control study

Abstract

Objectives: Oral clefts are the most common congenital abnormalities that have various causes. The aim of this study was to investigate maternal factors influencing the event of this disease among newborns. Methods: This study was a case–control research. To investigate the effects of maternal factors on cleft lip and palate, medical records of 26 infants with cleft lip and palate as well as those of 52 healthy infants without this abnormality born in Qamar Bani Hashem Hospital in Khoy during 2015–2017 were studied. The required data were collected through interviews and reviewing their medical records. Results: The odds ratio of having a baby with cleft lip and cleft palate among mothers with a history of using cosmetics, being at a high age, use of psychiatric drugs, passive smoking, family history of the disease, and use of analgesics were, respectively, 1/9 (confidence interval [CI] =1.03–4.2), 2/2 (CI = 1.01–4.1), 1/7 (CI = 1.1–4.8), 2/08 (CI = 1.2–5.1), 2/8 (CI = 1.3–5.2), and 1/5 (CI = 1.01–4.9) times as much as the mothers of healthy infants. Conclusion: Lifestyle modification is the important factor in the prevention of cleft lip and cleft palate. Inclusion of preventive programs in prenatal maternal care programs may prevent or reduce the incidence of this disease.

Keywords

• case–control study
• cleft lip
• cleft palate
• infants
• maternal factors