Einstein (São Paulo) (Dec 2009)

Diagnosis and treatment of acute antibody-mediated rejection in renal transplant: the role of C4d and donor-specific antibody identification

  • Lúcio Roberto Requião Moura,
  • Margareth Afonso Torres,
  • Eduardo José Tonato,
  • Érika Ferraz de Arruda,
  • Eric Roger Wroclawski,
  • Maurício Fregonesi Rodrigues da Silva,
  • Denise Maria Avancine Costa Malheiros,
  • Marcelino de Souza Durão,
  • Alvaro Pacheco-Silva

Journal volume & issue
Vol. 7, no. 4
pp. 427 – 435

Abstract

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Objective: To evaluate the incidence of antibody-mediated rejection after the C4d and donor specific antibody detection was provided by Luminex in renal transplantation biopsies; to compare acute antibody-mediated rejection characteristics as related to acute cellular rejection; to evaluate the impact on the incidence of acute antibody mediated rejection after the utilization of cross match test by flux cytometry and the detection of pre-transplantation donor specific antibody in patients with previous history of exposition to alloantigens. Methods: One hundred twenty-four renal transplanted patients were evaluated through the detection of C4d in early biopsies of those presenting graft dysfunction and the detection of antibody against donor when C4d was positive. The acute antibody mediated rejection was treated by plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin. Rresults: The incidence of acute rejection was 18.8%, being the acute cellular rejection 14.9% and acute antibody mediated rejection 6.6%. When both were compared, the acute antibody-mediated rejection were earlier than the acute cellular rejection (12.5 versus 59.9 days, p = NS), being more frequent in female patients (75 versus 29%, p = 0.05), with deceased donors (75 versus 33%, p = 0.09), with higher dialysis time (87.7 versus 47.4, p = 0.03), greater number of transfusion episodes (4.6 versus 1.4, p = 0.02), greater panel reaction activity (28.0 versus 4.8, p = 0.03) and more frequently in re-transplanted patients (50 versus 5.6%, p = 0.02). Delayed graft function was more frequent in antibody mediated rejection (100 versus 50%, p = 0.02). All patients with acute cellular rejection reversed graft function after treatment, with 100% graft survival after one year. Among patients with acute antibody-mediated rejection, the treatment with plasmapheresis and immunoglobulin was efficient in reducing the titers of donor specific antibody (2605 versus 202 mfi, p < 0.001), but 3/8 of patients evolved to graft loss, making graft survival of 62.5% (p < 0.001). Cconclusions: The routine use of detecting C4d and donor specific antibody increased the incidence of acute rejection. Acute antibody-mediated rejection presented clinical profile and therapeutic response different from acute cellular rejection, identifying a worse prognosis as well as therapeutic success.

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